2. What is an Operator?

2.1. Arithmetic Operators


          Suppose you have variables a = 20 and b = 30. You can apply the following operations

          • Addition (+): Adds two operands Ex. a + b will result to 50. 
          • Subtraction (-): Subtracts the second operand from the first Ex. a – b will result to -10. 
          • Multiplication (*): Multiply both operands Ex. a * b will result to 600. 
          • Division (/): Divide the numerator by the denominator Ex. b / a will result to 1.5. 
          • Modulus (%): Outputs the remainder of an integer division Ex. a % b will result to 20. 
          • Increment (++): Adds one to its operand. Ex. a++ will result to 21. 
          • Decrement (--): Subtracts the second operand from the first Ex. a-- will result to 19.
          The '+' sign works as an addition operator for numeric values. However, if one or both operands are strings, the result is a concatenation of the numerical value and the string. Example, 5 + "Hello" will result in "5Hello". 

          For incrementing and decrementing, if a prefix operator (++x or --x) is used, it will return the value of the operand after adding one. Meanwhile, the postfix operator (x++ or x--) will return the value of the operand before adding one. For example, if x = 5, then ++x sets x to 6 and returns 6, while x++ returns 5 and, only then, sets x to 6.

Sample code:


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